Friday, February 15, 2013

Capacitors

Capacitors are kind of weird... they are like mini storage tanks for charge, and like resistors that change over time.  The capacitance (C) is equal to the charge built up over voltage.
Here's a very useful schematic from "The Art of Electronics Student Manual"


Using the following mathematics,

we basically proved that a circuit using a only a capacitor and resistor can be used as an "integrator" (which is way cooler than what your TI-83 graphing calculator can do), as long as V-out stays small. I used a function generator, to create various Vin signals (left), 
which I ran through my "integrator" (right) 

sine wave: 


square wave: 

triangle wave: 
 

  Pretty Neat Huh?


Lab / Questions for "Tuesday 12th" on capacitors:
Lab 2­‐1 in the Student Manual (An RC circuit, experimentally)
   500 kHz square wave, time for output to drop 37% =100 mirco seconds
    time for output to rise 63% 100 micro seconds.  R=10k, C=.01uF, RC = 1x10^-4 = 100us Works!

Build a "Cap-meter" with picoblocks program
 My cap-meter caps / outputs
1 x 0.1uF capacitor  ===  11
2 x 0.1uF in parallel ===  22
2 x 0.1uF in  series  ===  5
In parrallel the capacitors have to charge one after the other, but in parallel, the current can travel the path of least resistance.  The results make sense.

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